The Crucible Arthur Miller Essays - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

The Crucible Arthur Miller The Crucible Arthur Miller Introduction Arthur Miller was an American playwright who was born in 1915. He grew up in New York to a Jewish family. He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1938 where he began to distinguish himself as a playwright. His first plays were Honors at Dawn (1936) and No Villain (1937) which won the University of Michigan Hopwood Awards. His Death of a Salesman won the Pulitzer prize in 1949. Miller wrote The Crucible in 1953 during the McCarthy period when Americans were accusing each other of Pro-Communist beliefs. Many of Miller's friends were being attacked as communists and in 1956, Miller himself was brought before the House of Un-American Activities Committee where he was found guilty of beliefs in communism. The verdict was reversed in 1957 in an appeals court. Miller married Marylin Monroe in 1956 but divorced her in 1961. The Crucible is set against the backdrop of the mad witch hunts of the Salem witch trials in the late 17th century. It is about a town, after accusations from a few girls, which begins a mad hunt for witches that did not exist. Many townspeople were hanged on charges of witchcraft. Miller brings out the absurdity of the incident with the theme of truth and righteousness. The theme is conveyed through the struggles of Miller's main character, John Proctor. Summary Act one begins with Reverend Parris praying over her daughter, Betty Parris, who lies unconscious on her bed. Through conversations between Reverend Parris and his niece Abigail Williams, and between several girls, the audience learns that these girls, including Abigail and Betty, were engaged in occultic activities in the forest lead by Tituba, Parris' slave from Barbados. Parris caught them and jumped from a bush startling the girls. Betty fainted and had not recovered. During this session, Abigail drank chicken blood to kill Elizabeth Proctor. She tells the girls that she will kill anyone who mutters a word about what happened. The townspeople do not know exactly what the girls were doing but there are rumors of witchcraft. John Proctor enters the room where Betty lies faint. Abigail is still in there and she tries to seduce him. Proctor is a farmer who has had an affair with Abigail a while ago, but now he wants to forget it. Reverend John Hale is summoned to look upon Betty and the research the incident. He is an expert in occultic phenomena and he is eager to show his knowledge. He questions Abigail who accuses Tituba as being a witch. Tituba, afraid of being hanged, confesses faith in God and accuses Goody Good and Goody Osborne of witchcraft. Abigail and Betty, who has woken up, claim to have been bewitched and confess faith in God. They name several other people whom they claim they saw with the Devil. Act two begins eight days after the discussion at Parris' house. Between act one and act two, Deputy Governor Dansforth came to Salem to oversee the court proceedings. Fourteen people have been arrested for witchcraft, and there is talk of hanging. Elizabeth Proctor asks John to go to the court and testify against Abigail and the other girls. John doesn't want to get involved. There is tension between Elizabeth and John since Elizabeth has not forgiven John for the affair. Marry Warren enters. She was in court testifying against the townspeople. She gives Elizabeth a doll which she has made in court. In the middle of their discussion, Hale enters to question John and Elizabeth, suspicious of witchcraft. Later, Giles Corey and Francis Nurse enter to seek advice after both their wives had been arrested. Next, the marshal arrives with a warrant for Elizabeth's arrest. Elizabeth was accused by Abigail for stabbing Abigail with a needle through a doll. John Proctor protests but Elizabeth is taken away in chains. Proctor demands Mary that she goes to court and testify against the girls. He vows that he will fight the proceedings, even if it means confessing his own adultery. Act three takes place in court. Francis Nurse, Giles Corey, and John Proctor present their case against the girls to Deputy Governor Dansforth and Judge Hathorne. Proctor presents a petition signed by 91 people testifying to the good character of their wives, and Dansforth issues warrants for the questioning of all of them. Corey charges Putnam on inciting his daughter to accuse Corey of witchcraft in order get his land. Corey has a witness but will not name him for fear of getting the man arrested. Corey is arrested because of contempt of the court. Proctor presents his case and

International communication in Saudi Arabia

International communication in Saudi Arabia Introduction Communication is among the most important factor that is considered while building business or personal relationships. Throughout the world, people have dedicated much effort in establishing and improving their communication skills. Similarly, Greene and Burleson state that a lot of research has been conducted in order to provide people with the information needed to facilitate effective communication.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International communication in Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In Saudi Arabia, international communication has for a long time been hampered by language barriers and cultural beliefs, which limits peoples’ ability to communicate with foreigners. However, due to globalization, technological advancement, education and economic aspirations, there has been a notable improvement in this regard. As such, majority of the Saudi citizens acknowledge the importan ce of communicating to foreigners and others desire to communicate to the visitors in order to advance their own interests. This can be evidenced from the increase in international relations between Saudi and other foreign nations, the significant increase in the number of foreign tourists visiting Saudi and the fact that most Saudi citizen can speak at least one or more foreign languages. This section shall set out to detail the methodology used to gather information regarding Saudi’s citizens desire to communicate to visitors. To this end, a brief overview of the research method selected shall be provided and an explanation as to why the research method is the most appropriate for this kind of research shall also be provided. The processes used to gather the information shall also be detailed and the ethical and legal considerations that have to be made highlighted. All this shall be done to ensure that the data collected is credible and acquired in a manner that is ethical ly and legally acceptable. Research methodology Catherine (2002) defines research methodology as the structured process used by researchers in order to collect data on the issue being studied. Depending on the type of data being collected, research often fall under two main categories: qualitative and quantitative research.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Quantitative research method refers to the processes used to gather scientific and statistical data, while qualitative research methods are applied in social sciences studies. Considering that the topic under discussion relates to social sciences, this research shall adopt qualitative method of data collection. Research design Ranjit (2005) states that application studies can be classified into two broad categories. These categories are: pure research and applied research. The author further states that applie d research is done when the researcher seeks to solve a specific and practical question or to understand a given phenomenon. This research fits this description and it shall be descriptive in nature. According to Liamputtong (2009), descriptive research sets out to systematically describe a given situation by evaluating the attitudes the participants have towards the issue or phenomenon being studied. Considering these facts, this study shall be a descriptive research since it seeks to describe, explain and understand Saudi citizens desire to communicate to their visitors. Sample population A stratified random sample shall be used to select participants for this research. Stratified random sample refers to the process through which the population is divided into mutually exclusive groups such as age, gender, educational level and financial status among others. After dividing the population into such groups, random sample are drawn from the selected groups. The sample population will consist of 100 randomly selected participants. 25% of the selected subjects shall be aged between 25 and 30 years, 50% shall be aged between 30 and 50 years and the remaining percentage shall consist of participants above the age of 50 years. The rationale behind this selection is that people aged between 30 and 50 years constitute the largest percentage of the working class in Saudi.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International communication in Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As such, they are better placed to give valuable information as to why the Saudi citizens desire to communicate to visitors and the importance of such communications from an economic and socio-cultural perspective. The main channel of contact shall be through interview schedules and random face to face meetings at different avenues. Primary data collection Primary data regarding this topic shall be collected through interviews, surveys and questionnaires. These tools of data collection are the most appropriate since they enable the researcher to collect accurate and reliable data from the selected subjects. Khanzode (2004) asserts that an unstructured approach is most convenient when conducting a qualitative research. He bases this assertion on the fact that the unstructured approach â€Å"allows flexibility in all aspects of the research process (Khanzode, 2004, p. 19).† Unstructured approach to inquiry is appropriate in this research since it enables the researcher to explore the nature of the phenomenon being studied and to evaluate the variations in that situation. The questions designed for the interviews, surveys and questionnaires shall focus on answering the research questions. In this research, intercept interviews shall be conducted. Kothari (2008) asserts that intercept interviews are convenient because they enable the interviewer to reach known period within a short time, they are the o nly method that can be used to reach people with unknown addresses and they involve talking to people in their homes, offices or on the streets. The surveys and questionnaires enable researchers to gather large amount of data quickly and conveniently. Seeking consent There are ethical issues that must be considered before collecting data for a research. Mainly, they involve the researchers conduct throughout the research and the concerns raised by the selected participants. To ensure that this research is conducted in an ethical manner, all participants shall be required to sign an informed consent form. According to Catherine (2002), an informed consent form is a document signed by a research participant showing that he/she understands all aspects of the research including why the research is being conducted, how the research shall benefit the participants or society, the risks of the research and how the findings of the research shall be used.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ensuring that all participants of this research have signed an informed consent shall guarantee that the process of data collection was done in an ethical manner. Processing data According to Konthari (2008), processing and analyzing collected data is a process that consists of various closely related operations. The purpose of this process is mainly to organize and summarize collected data in a manner that it answers the research questions designed for the given study. The operations used in this research shall include: Editing This is a process through which the researcher examines the collected data with an aim of identifying and correcting errors where possible. Editing is important since it enables the researcher to detect errors and omissions that may influence the results of the research. Classification Classification is a process through which edited data is arranged in groups depending on common characteristics that are important to the phenomenon being studied. In this cas e, data collected shall be classified in different themes such as economical benefits, social benefits and cultural benefits. Tabulation This is a process through which collected data is summarized and displayed in a compact form pending further analysis. In most cases, it involves arrangement of data into rows and columns for purposes of comparison, space conservation and statistical computations. Data analysis Data collected in this research shall be subjected to content analysis. Content analysis is the process through which a researcher examines the content of the responses given by participants in order to identify main themes that appear and are related to the topic being studied. Reporting the findings This section shall serve as a summarized version of the methodology section. In this section, I shall summarize what has been done, what was discovered and the conclusions that I have made from the findings regarding the topic. Limitations Like any other research, there are som e foreseeable challenges that I may face as a result of my research methodology. Firstly, there is always the risk that the subjects may not give me accurate data during the interviews, the survey and the questionnaires. Secondly, there is a room for error and bias if I ask the wrong questions and during the sample selection process. Despite these challenges, I believe that this quantitative method is the most appropriate for this specific research. Conclusively, this paper has explained the methodology of conducting a research, various factors that should be considered when coming up with a research methodology have been highlighted, and their relevance to research discussed. References Catherine, D. (2002). Practical Research Methods. New Delhi: UBS Publishers’ Distributors. Khanzode, V. (2004). Research Methodology. New York: APH Publishing. Kothari, C. (2008). Research methodology: methods and techniques. New Jersey: New Age International Liamputtong, P. (2009). Qualitati ve research methods. London: Oxford University Press. Ranjit, K. (2005). Research Methodology-A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners, (2nd.ed). Singapore: Pearson Education.

Applied data management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Applied data management - Essay Example The steps for quality assurance of data included maintain electronic records backed by registers, reviewing the records on a periodic basis and validating the records. The compliance with the set standards was effected with the help of a feedback system both internal and external to the organization. It has been evaluated that the research findings indicate the role of information provided by the consultants as well as the customers in identifying the gaps in the process of quality assurance. This information allows the company to take necessary steps in filling the identified gaps in the system and achieve the desired benchmark standards recommended under the Quality Assurance Procedures. The action of quality control is a part of the quality assurance strategy that focused on producing outputs which are in line with the set standards. The highest standard of data management helped the company to provide excellent services to the customers and in the process meet the expectations of the customers. When the customer service exceeded the desired expectation, the standards of data management were raised in the process. The evaluation of the reports suggests the contribution of quality assurance strategy in data management to achieve continuous improvement by leveraging on technology, recycling of wastes, optimal utilization of resources, etc. Benefits of Quality Assurance Procedures The Quality Assurance Procedures in the company helped to put in place, a systematic sequence of activities that are aimed at improving the standard of operations, the presence of a feedback loop aimed to provide inputs on the prevailing gaps between the actual activities and the set standards. The benefits of the Quality Assurance Procedures are also applicable in the field of storage and maintenance of documents in the company and it largely impacts the way in which the documents are produced by the members of the company. The series of systematic activities under the Quality Assura nce Strategy provides the members a plan of action for developing and implementing the best standards of maintenance of documents in the company and improving on the quality control stage for removing the errors in the process (Chorafas, 2012, p.49). This internal activity of the company helps the members to deliver excellent level of professional services to the customers who form the external environment. The members are able to meet the expectations of the customers through data maintenance and service delivery of the highest quality. The point at which the members are able to apply the data management techniques at a level that exceeds the customer’s expectations, the company would be able to better the standards of data management on a higher scale. The various standard practices of keeping back-up data for electronic records, reviewing the data on a periodic basis and updating the records, retaining documents and completing service delivery within a finite duration, val idating the recorded data are all important data management techniques that would help the company to provide high quality of customer service on a timely basis (Watson, 2008, p.41). The Quality Assur